Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis: When Orbital Cellulitis Crosses the Midline
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is thrombosis of the venous sinus that drains the orbit, sinuses, and...
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Adult Gonococcal Conjunctivitis: The Red Eye That Can Perforate in Days
Adult gonococcal conjunctivitis is a hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis caused by Neisseria...
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Neurofibromatosis Type 1: When the Iris Confirms the Diagnosis
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder of the NF1 tumour suppressor gene, and...
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Congenital Rubella Syndrome: A Preventable Cause of Childhood Cataract
Congenital rubella syndrome results from maternal rubella infection during pregnancy, and the...
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Argyll Robertson Pupil: The Sign That Still Points to Neurosyphilis
An Argyll Robertson pupil is a small, irregular pupil that fails to constrict to light but...
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Posterior Embryotoxon: A Corneal Ring That Can Point to the Liver
Posterior embryotoxon is an anteriorly displaced, prominent Schwalbe line, visible at the slit...
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Iris Heterochromia: One Question That Sorts Benign From Concerning
Iris heterochromia is a difference in iris colour, either between the two eyes or within a single...
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Marcus Gunn Jaw-Winking Syndrome: When Chewing Lifts the Lid
Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome is a congenital synkinesis in which the ptotic eyelid elevates...
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Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome: Why Lifelong Glaucoma Surveillance Is the Point
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is a spectrum of anterior segment dysgenesis affecting neural...
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Ocular Sarcoidosis: The Great Mimicker of Uveitis
Ocular sarcoidosis is inflammation of the eye and adnexa related to systemic sarcoidosis, a...
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Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome: Separating Idiopathic From Sensory
Infantile nystagmus syndrome is involuntary, bilateral, conjugate oscillation of the eyes with...
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Acute Postoperative Endophthalmitis: Why Presenting Vision Decides the First Move
Acute postoperative endophthalmitis is intraocular infection presenting within roughly the first...
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