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Category: Pediatric

62 articles in this section.

Coloboma

Aicardi syndrome, causes, examination and management

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Refresh your memory 8 questions from 8 articles

1 / 8 0 correct

Which type of lens opacity is characteristically caused by corticosteroid therapy?
Posterior subcapsular cataract, a plaque of opacity at the back of the lens, is the best-known lens side effect of corticosteroids and can follow oral, inhaled, nasal, topical or injected use.
Steroid-Induced Cataract: How Corticosteroids Cloud the Back of the Lens
Which preoperative test assesses endothelial reserve before surgery on a hard nucleus?
Preoperative specular microscopy is used to assess the endothelial reserve, alongside planning such as the soft shell technique and low-energy nuclear disassembly.
Brunescent Cataract (Cataracta Nigra): The Hard, Dark Nucleus and What It Means for Surgery
Within what interval after the original surgery is vitrectomy for retained lens fragments typically performed?
Pars plana vitrectomy to remove retained lens material is typically performed within one to two weeks of the original surgery, once the eye has had time to stabilise, with timing individualised.
Retained Lens Fragments: When the Nucleus Drops Into the Vitreous
What creates the permanent seal around the break treated by pneumatic retinopexy?
Laser retinopexy or cryotherapy around the break forms a permanent chorioretinal adhesion; the bubble only holds the break closed while that adhesion matures.
Pneumatic Retinopexy: Fixing a Detachment With a Bubble and Positioning
Why does the eye often look quiet in infectious crystalline keratopathy?
The bacteria grow as a biofilm within the stroma, which protects them from both antibiotic penetration and the host inflammatory response, so the eye looks relatively quiet despite active infection.
Crystalline Keratopathy: When Deposits in the Cornea Point to an Indolent Infection
Amniotic membrane used in ocular surface surgery is derived from which structure?
Amniotic membrane is the innermost layer of the placenta, processed and prepared for surgical use on the ocular surface.
Amniotic Membrane Transplantation: One Tissue, Several Different Jobs on the Ocular Surface
Which iris findings characterise Rieger anomaly in the Axenfeld-Rieger spectrum?
More involved cases, termed Rieger anomaly, show a displaced pupil (corectopia) together with iris stromal hypoplasia.
Posterior Embryotoxon: A Prominent Ring That’s Usually Just an Anatomic Variant
Which change during phacoemulsification should raise suspicion of posterior capsular rupture?
A sudden deepening of the chamber or an altered red reflex, together with difficulty keeping the chamber stable, are early intraoperative cues to a capsular break.
Vitreous Loss During Cataract Surgery: Recognizing and Managing a Break in the Posterior Capsule

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